Does feather corticosterone reflect individual quality or external stress in Arctic-nesting migratory birds? / Pierre Legagneux, N. Jane Harms, Gilles Gauthier, Olivier Chastel, H. Grant Gilchrist, Gary Bortolotti, Joel Bety, and Catherine Soos.

Includes bibliographical references.

The effects of environmental perturbations or stressors on individual states can be carried over to subsequent life stages
and ultimately affect survival and reproduction. The concentration of corticosterone (CORT) in feathers is an integrated
measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity during the molting period, providing information on the total baseline
and stress-induced CORT secreted during the period of feather growth. Common eiders and greater snow geese replace all
flight feathers once a year during the pre-basic molt, which occurs following breeding. Thus, CORT contained in feathers of
pre-breeding individuals sampled in spring reflects the total CORT secreted during the previous molting event, which may
provide insight into the magnitude or extent of stress experienced during this time period. We used data from multiple
recaptures to disentangle the contribution of individual quality vs. external factors (i.e., breeding investment or
environmental conditions) on feather CORT in arctic-nesting waterfowl. Our results revealed no repeatability of feather
CORT within individuals of either species. In common eiders, feather CORT was not affected by prior reproductive
investment, nor by pre-breeding (spring) body condition prior to the molting period. Individual feather CORT greatly varied
according to the year, and August-September temperatures explained most of the annual variation in feather CORT.
Understanding mechanisms that affect energetic costs and stress responses during molting will require further studies
either using long-term data or experiments. Although our study period encompassed only five years, it nonetheless
provides evidence that CORT measured in feathers likely reflects responses to environmental conditions experienced by
birds during molt, and could be used as a metric to study carry-over effects.