Direct and indirect causes of sex differences in mercury concentrations and parasitic infections in a marine bird / J.F. Provencher, H.G. Gilchrist, M.L. Mallory, G.W. Mitchell, and M.R. Forbes.

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Provencher, J.F

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Material type: Text

TextSeries: Science of the Total Environment. 551-552 506-512 Publication details: 2016Description: 28 cmLOC classification:

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Summary: In many animal species, males and females differ in their levels of contaminants and/or parasitic infections. Most contaminants and gastro-intestinal parasites are obtained through prey ingestion, and thus the causes of sex differences in the distribution of these factors might follow similar pathways. We studied the northern common eider duck (Somateria molissima borealis) as an avian model, and used directed separation path analysis to explore the causes of sex differences in mercury (Hg) and gastro-intestinal helminths. Two trophically transmitted helminths were examined: a cestode (Lateriporus sp.) and an acanthocephalan (Polymorphus sp).We found that the number of Lateriporus sp. varied positively with stable isotope signature (as indicated by δ15N in eider breast muscle tissue), and negatively with crustaceans being present in the short term diet. We also found that Polymorphus sp. varied positively with eider tissue stable isotope signature. However, Polymorphus sp. varied negatively with sex indirectly through condition and liver mass. Similarly, Hg concentrations also varied negatively with sex indirectly through condition and liver mass, with both Polymorphus sp. intensity and Hg concentrations significantly higher in males. We found that model fit increased when a negative relationship between the two helminth species was included, suggesting a yet unknown causal mechanism linking these parasites. Our findings suggest that although Hg and gastro-intestinal parasites are both trophically transmitted through the eider's prey items, the factors that contribute towards bioaccumulation of these two burdens differ in source, likely caused by several different factors and may potentially influence each other.

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Electronic Journal	IWWR Supported Research	Non-fiction	PRO (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Available		16686

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Previous	PET Evidence for mallard Anas platyrhynchos and American black duck Anas rubripes competition in western New Brunswick, Canada /	POD Long-term response of northern pintails to changes in wetlands and agriculture in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region /	PRO Mercury and marine birds in Arctic Canada : pathways, effects, and interactions in a model species /	PRO Direct and indirect causes of sex differences in mercury concentrations and parasitic infections in a marine bird /	PRO Implications of mercury and lead concentrations on breeding physiology and phenology in an Arctic bird /	PRO Mercury and marine birds in Arctic Canada : effects, current trends, and why we should be paying closer attention /	QH541.5 .T3 F674 2010 A forest of blue : Canada's boreal /	Next

Includes bibliographical references (page 512).

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In many animal species, males and females differ in their levels of contaminants and/or parasitic infections. Most
contaminants and gastro-intestinal parasites are obtained through prey ingestion, and thus the causes of sex differences
in the distribution of these factors might follow similar pathways. We studied the northern common
eider duck (Somateria molissima borealis) as an avian model, and used directed separation path analysis to explore
the causes of sex differences in mercury (Hg) and gastro-intestinal helminths. Two trophically transmitted
helminths were examined: a cestode (Lateriporus sp.) and an acanthocephalan (Polymorphus sp).We found that
the number of Lateriporus sp. varied positively with stable isotope signature (as indicated by δ15N in eider breast
muscle tissue), and negatively with crustaceans being present in the short term diet. We also found that
Polymorphus sp. varied positively with eider tissue stable isotope signature. However, Polymorphus sp. varied
negatively with sex indirectly through condition and liver mass. Similarly, Hg concentrations also varied negatively
with sex indirectly through condition and liver mass, with both Polymorphus sp. intensity and Hg concentrations
significantly higher in males. We found that model fit increased when a negative relationship between
the two helminth species was included, suggesting a yet unknown causal mechanism linking these parasites.
Our findings suggest that although Hg and gastro-intestinal parasites are both trophically transmitted through
the eider's prey items, the factors that contribute towards bioaccumulation of these two burdens differ in source,
likely caused by several different factors and may potentially influence each other.

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